diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/HIR.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/HIR.ts
index f9caa844f3..51715b3c1e 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/HIR.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/HIR.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import type {HookKind} from './ObjectShape';
 import {Type, makeType} from './Types';
 import {z} from 'zod';
 import type {AliasingEffect} from '../Inference/AliasingEffects';
+import {isReservedWord} from '../Utils/Keyword';
 
 /*
  * *******************************************************************************************
@@ -1320,12 +1321,21 @@ export function forkTemporaryIdentifier(
  * original source code.
  */
 export function makeIdentifierName(name: string): ValidatedIdentifier {
-  CompilerError.invariant(t.isValidIdentifier(name), {
-    reason: `Expected a valid identifier name`,
-    loc: GeneratedSource,
-    description: `\`${name}\` is not a valid JavaScript identifier`,
-    suggestions: null,
-  });
+  if (isReservedWord(name)) {
+    CompilerError.throwInvalidJS({
+      reason: 'Expected a non-reserved identifier name',
+      loc: GeneratedSource,
+      description: `\`${name}\` is a reserved word in JavaScript and cannot be used as an identifier name`,
+      suggestions: null,
+    });
+  } else {
+    CompilerError.invariant(t.isValidIdentifier(name), {
+      reason: `Expected a valid identifier name`,
+      loc: GeneratedSource,
+      description: `\`${name}\` is not a valid JavaScript identifier`,
+      suggestions: null,
+    });
+  }
   return {
     kind: 'named',
     value: name as ValidIdentifierName,
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Utils/Keyword.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Utils/Keyword.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3964f4accc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Utils/Keyword.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * https://tc39.es/ecma262/multipage/ecmascript-language-lexical-grammar.html#sec-keywords-and-reserved-words
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Note: `await` and `yield` are contextually allowed as identifiers.
+ *   await: reserved inside async functions and modules
+ *   yield: reserved inside generator functions
+ *
+ * Note: `async` is not reserved.
+ */
+const RESERVED_WORDS = new Set([
+  'break',
+  'case',
+  'catch',
+  'class',
+  'const',
+  'continue',
+  'debugger',
+  'default',
+  'delete',
+  'do',
+  'else',
+  'enum',
+  'export',
+  'extends',
+  'false',
+  'finally',
+  'for',
+  'function',
+  'if',
+  'import',
+  'in',
+  'instanceof',
+  'new',
+  'null',
+  'return',
+  'super',
+  'switch',
+  'this',
+  'throw',
+  'true',
+  'try',
+  'typeof',
+  'var',
+  'void',
+  'while',
+  'with',
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Reserved when a module has a 'use strict' directive.
+ */
+const STRICT_MODE_RESERVED_WORDS = new Set([
+  'let',
+  'static',
+  'implements',
+  'interface',
+  'package',
+  'private',
+  'protected',
+  'public',
+]);
+/**
+ * The names arguments and eval are not keywords, but they are subject to some restrictions in
+ * strict mode code.
+ */
+const STRICT_MODE_RESTRICTED_WORDS = new Set(['eval', 'arguments']);
+
+/**
+ * Conservative check for whether an identifer name is reserved or not. We assume that code is
+ * written with strict mode.
+ */
+export function isReservedWord(identifierName: string): boolean {
+  return (
+    RESERVED_WORDS.has(identifierName) ||
+    STRICT_MODE_RESERVED_WORDS.has(identifierName) ||
+    STRICT_MODE_RESTRICTED_WORDS.has(identifierName)
+  );
+}
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/ecma/error.reserved-words.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/ecma/error.reserved-words.expect.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6ee8a798b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/ecma/error.reserved-words.expect.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+## Input
+
+```javascript
+import {useRef} from 'react';
+
+function useThing(fn) {
+  const fnRef = useRef(fn);
+  const ref = useRef(null);
+
+  if (ref.current === null) {
+    ref.current = function (this: unknown, ...args) {
+      return fnRef.current.call(this, ...args);
+    };
+  }
+  return ref.current;
+}
+
+```
+
+
+## Error
+
+```
+Found 1 error:
+
+Error: Expected a non-reserved identifier name
+
+`this` is a reserved word in JavaScript and cannot be used as an identifier name.
+```
+          
+      
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/ecma/error.reserved-words.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/ecma/error.reserved-words.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2937ba8df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/ecma/error.reserved-words.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import {useRef} from 'react';
+
+function useThing(fn) {
+  const fnRef = useRef(fn);
+  const ref = useRef(null);
+
+  if (ref.current === null) {
+    ref.current = function (this: unknown, ...args) {
+      return fnRef.current.call(this, ...args);
+    };
+  }
+  return ref.current;
+}