[inductor] Pre-populate cache for simplify_with_ranges return value (#146373)

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/146373
Approved by: https://github.com/yanboliang, https://github.com/shunting314
ghstack dependencies: #146252, #146254, #146255, #146257, #146282, #146297

torch/_inductor/sizevars.py

@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ class SizeVarAllocator:
             if result is None:
                 result = self._simplify_with_ranges(expr, var_ranges)
                 cache[key] = result
+                if result != expr:
+                    cache[(result, *var_ranges.items())] = result
             return result
 
         return simplify_with_ranges