[ca] support higher order gradients (create_graph=True) (#153222)

Adds create_graph support if you don't compile or compile only with torch.compile(backend="eager").

Using a backend that uses AOTDispatch produces a post-dispatch AOT backward, where its double backward will be silently incorrect if the forward trace involved any ops that are not composite implicit.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/153222
Approved by: https://github.com/jansel
ghstack dependencies: #153193

test/inductor/test_compiled_autograd.py

@@ -4108,6 +4108,57 @@ class CompiledAutograd1(torch.nn.Module):
         ):
             fn()
 
+    def test_higher_order_gradients(self):
+        def f(x):
+            return x**3
+
+        def fn(fwd_compiler, ca_compiler):
+            torch.manual_seed(123)
+            x = torch.tensor(2.0, requires_grad=True)
+            first, second, third, fourth = None, None, None, None
+            try:
+                with compiled_autograd._enable(ca_compiler):
+                    first = torch.autograd.grad(
+                        fwd_compiler(f)(x), x, create_graph=True
+                    )[0]
+                    second = torch.autograd.grad(first, x, create_graph=True)[0]
+                    third = torch.autograd.grad(second, x, create_graph=True)[0]
+                    fourth = torch.autograd.grad(third, x, create_graph=True)[0]
+            except RuntimeError as e:
+                assert "does not currently support higher order gradients" in str(e)
+                return (first, second, third, fourth)
+
+            return (first, second, third, fourth)
+
+        def eager():
+            return torch.compile(backend="eager")
+
+        def aot_eager():
+            return torch.compile(backend="aot_eager")
+
+        # Without AOTAutograd, no problem
+        first, second, third, fourth = fn(eager(), eager())
+        self.assertEqual(counters["compiled_autograd"]["captures"], 4)
+        self.assertEqual(first, 12)  # 3x^2
+        self.assertEqual(second, 12)  # 6x
+        self.assertEqual(third, 6)  # 6
+        self.assertEqual(fourth, 0)
+        # and should cache hit
+        counters.clear()
+        _ = fn(eager(), eager())
+        self.assertEqual(counters["compiled_autograd"]["captures"], 0)
+        torch._dynamo.reset()
+
+        # With AOTAutograd, can't create_graph
+        first, second, third, fourth = fn(aot_eager(), aot_eager())
+        self.assertIsNone(second)
+
+        first, second, third, fourth = fn(aot_eager(), eager())
+        self.assertIsNone(second)
+
+        first, second, third, fourth = fn(eager(), aot_eager())
+        self.assertIsNone(third)
+
 
 def load_test_module(name):
     testdir = Path(__file__).absolute().parent.parent
@@ -4227,6 +4278,10 @@ known_graph_breaks_tests = {
     "test_prehook_ordering",  # retains_grad_hooks
     "test_will_engine_execute_node",  # retains_grad_hooks
     "test_backward_to_node",  # retains_grad_hooks
+    "test_backward_with_nonleaf_inputs",  # retains_grad_hook on non-leaf input
+    "test_create_graph_and_full_backward_hook_cycle",  # _pack_with_none
+    "test_full_backward_hook_double_backward",  # _pack_with_none
+    "test_grad_mode_restored_reentrant",  # assertTrue
 }
 
 test_contexts = {
@@ -4246,7 +4301,6 @@ skipped_tests = {
 
 known_failing_tests = {
     # Category: Compiled autograd
-    "test_grad_mode_restored_reentrant",  # create_graph
     "test_reentrant_with_callbacks_both_depths",  # queue_callback
     "test_reentrant_with_callbacks_depth_0",  # queue_callback
     "test_reentrant_with_callbacks_depth_1",  # queue_callback
@@ -4254,34 +4308,13 @@ known_failing_tests = {
     "test_autograd_inplace_views_cross_dtype",  # view_fn not supported by compiled autograd
     "test_current_node",  # TorchDispatchMode not yet implemented for compiled autograd
     "test_post_accumulate_grad_hook_ordering",  # accuracy error
-    "test_accumulate_grad",  # create_graph
-    "test_anomaly_assign_parent_cleanup",  # create_graph
-    "test_backward_create_graph_warns",  # create_graph
-    "test_backward_with_nonleaf_inputs",  # create_graph
-    "test_create_graph_and_full_backward_hook_cycle",  # create_graph
     "test_current_graph_task_id",  # autograd state already cleared once dynamo is called
-    "test_custom_autograd_repeated_grad_grad",  # create_graph
     "test_custom_function_forward_mode_forward_is_no_op",  # forward AD
     "test_custom_function_forward_mode_inplace_checks",  # forward AD
     "test_custom_function_forward_mode_view_checks",  # forward AD
     "test_custom_function_forward_mode_wrong_formula",  # forward AD
-    "test_default_saved_tensors_hooks_double_backward",  # create_graph
     "test_node_post_hook_registered_during_unpack_hook",  # 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'register_hook'
-    "test_full_backward_hook_double_backward",  # create_graph
-    "test_function",  # create_graph
-    "test_grad",  # create_graph
-    "test_grad_materialize_grads",  # create_graph
-    "test_grad_nonleaf",  # create_graph
-    "test_grad_nonleaf_many_outputs",  # create_graph
-    "test_hessian_vector",  # create_graph
-    "test_inplace_on_view_backward",  # create_graph
     "test_multi_grad_any_hooks",  # register_multi_grad_hook
-    "test_nested_anomaly_detect_nan",  # create_graph
-    "test_nested_anomaly_printstack_cleanup",  # create_graph
-    "test_once_differentiable",  # create_graph
-    "test_saved_variable_packing_unpacking_saved_original_with_hooks",  # create_graph
-    "test_select_sum",  # create_graph, also needs graph breaks
-    "test_custom_autograd_no_early_free",  # create_graph
     "test_custom_function_error",  # vjp
     "test_custom_function_save_for_forward",  # vjp
     "test_dont_materialize_grads",  # undefined grad
@@ -4290,10 +4323,16 @@ known_failing_tests = {
     "test_node_ordering_when_none_returned",  # torch._dynamo.exc.Unsupported: TypeError <built-in method clone
     "test_save_output_nr",  # output_nr grad passed as None
     "test_setup_context_when_forward_has_default_args",  # autograd.Function with class methods
-    "test_lobpcg",  # create_graph
     # IndexError: list index out of range (NB: x.grad = y where both x and y are input tensors)
     "test_grad_nonleaf_register_hook",
     "test_backward_twice_without_saved_values",  # https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/129938
+    # Category: Higher Order Gradients
+    "test_default_saved_tensors_hooks_double_backward",  # wrong when pack hook returns non-leaf
+    "test_saved_variable_packing_unpacking_saved_original_with_hooks",  # wrong when pack hook returns non-leaf
+    "test_nested_anomaly_detect_nan",  # nested anomaly
+    "test_select_sum",  # batched gradients
+    "test_custom_autograd_no_early_free",  # batched gradients
+    "test_lobpcg",  # NaNs
     # Category: Dynamo (pass when directly running CA graph)
     "test_accumulate_grad_tensor_reference",  # Out of bounds: frame_state_entry.stride[i] is None
     "test_custom_function_exception",  # torch.no_grad(), torch._dynamo.exc.Unsupported: missing: WITH_EXCEPT_START
@@ -4339,8 +4378,14 @@ known_failing_tests = {
     "test_anomaly_mode_no_check_nan",  # different error messages
     "test_anomaly_grad_warnings",  # different error messages
     "test_anomaly_detect_nan",  # fake tensor errors on NaN
+    "test_once_differentiable",  # different node name: CompiledFunctionBackward
+    "test_function",  # different node name: CompiledFunctionBackward
+    "test_inplace_on_view_backward",  # different node name: CompiledFunctionBackward
+    "test_nested_anomaly_printstack_cleanup",  # anomaly NaN error message different
     # Uncategorized
     "test_not_implemented_grad",  # Dynamo changes the types of exceptions
+    "test_grad",  # AOT backward higher order gradients
+    "test_grad_materialize_grads",  # AOT backward higher order gradients
 }
 
 if not HAS_CUDA:

test/test_autograd.py

@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ class TestAutograd(TestCase):
         x_grad, x_grad_clone = compute_grad(create_graph=False)
         self.assertEqual(x_grad, x_grad_clone * 2)
 
-        # Accumulate out-of-place when create_graph is False
+        # Accumulate out-of-place when create_graph is True
         x_grad, x_grad_clone = compute_grad(create_graph=True)
         self.assertEqual(x_grad, x_grad_clone)
 
@@ -9376,10 +9376,14 @@ for shape in [(1,), ()]:
             with set_warn_always_context(True):
                 with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
                     tmp.exp().sum().backward(create_graph=True)
-                    self.assertTrue(len(w) == 1)
-                    self.assertTrue(
-                        "Using backward() with create_graph=True" in str(w[0].message)
-                    )
+                    self.assertTrue(w)
+                    found = 0
+                    for warning in w:
+                        if "Using backward() with create_graph=True" in str(
+                            warning.message
+                        ):
+                            found += 1
+                    self.assertEqual(found, 1)
 
             # Remove the backward + create_graph=True cycle
             a.grad = None

torch/_dynamo/compiled_autograd.py

@@ -423,6 +423,13 @@ class AutogradCompilerInstance:
         aot_id = CompiledFunction._aot_id
         del CompiledFunction
 
+        if torch.is_grad_enabled():
+            for output_alias_info in metadata.output_info:
+                if output_alias_info.requires_grad:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "torch.compile does not currently support higher order gradients."
+                    )
+
         @torch._dynamo.allow_in_graph  # type: ignore[misc]
         def call_aot_bwd_prologue(ctx_saved_tensors, ctx_symints, *flat_args):
             out = torch._functorch._aot_autograd.runtime_wrappers._backward_prologue_functional(

torch/_dynamo/polyfills/__init__.py

@@ -75,12 +75,15 @@ def radians(x):
 
 
 def accumulate_grad(x, new_grad):
+    # polyfills according to the Gradient Layout Contract
     if new_grad is None:
         return
     new_grad_strided = torch.empty_like(x)
     new_grad_strided.copy_(new_grad)
     if x.grad is None:
         x.grad = new_grad_strided
+    elif torch.is_grad_enabled():
+        x.grad = x.grad + new_grad_strided
     else:
         x.grad.add_(new_grad_strided)
 

torch/csrc/autograd/engine.cpp

@@ -1326,8 +1326,8 @@ auto Engine::execute(
 
   auto graph_task = std::make_shared<GraphTask>(
       /* keep_graph */ keep_graph,
-      /* create_graph */ create_graph,
-      /* depth */ not_reentrant_backward_call ? 0 : total_depth + 1,
+      /* grad_mode */ create_graph,
+      /* reentrant_depth */ not_reentrant_backward_call ? 0 : total_depth + 1,
       /* cpu_ready_queue */ local_ready_queue,
       /* graph_roots */ std::move(temp_roots));
 
@@ -1348,8 +1348,6 @@ auto Engine::execute(
 
   if (compiled_autograd != nullptr) {
     // see [Note: Compiled Autograd]
-    TORCH_CHECK(
-        !create_graph, "compiled_autograd does not support create_graph");
     _thread_check.release();
     GraphTaskGuard guard(graph_task);
     CheckpointValidGuard cpvguard(graph_task);

torch/csrc/autograd/functions/accumulate_grad.cpp

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ void AccumulateGrad::compiled_args(CompiledNodeArgs& args) const {
     args.collect(variable);
     args.collect(variable.grad());
   }
+  args.collect(GradMode::is_enabled());
   const auto& hook = tensor_post_acc_grad_hooks();
   if (hook != nullptr) {
     hook->compiled_args(args);