[TorchScript] clearer debug for ConcreteModuleType::findSubmoduleConcreteType (#166192)

Summary:
right now the log is just
```
RuntimeError: it != data_.modules_.end() INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED at "fbcode/caffe2/torch/csrc/jit/frontend/concrete_module_type.cpp":207, please report a bug to PyTorch.
```
we have no clue where the error happens
https://fb.workplace.com/groups/gpuinference/posts/789257990578348/?comment_id=789284783909002&reply_comment_id=789415260562621

Test Plan: UT

Reviewed By: jcwchen

Differential Revision: D80020093

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/166192
Approved by: https://github.com/gmagogsfm

test/jit/test_concrete_module_type.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Owner(s): ["oncall: jit"]
+
+import unittest
+
+import torch
+from torch.testing._internal.common_utils import raise_on_run_directly
+
+
+class TestConcreteModuleTypeFindSubmodule(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_error_message_includes_submodule_name(self):
+        class ChildModule(torch.nn.Module):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+                self.linear = torch.nn.Linear(5, 3)
+
+            def forward(self, x):
+                return self.linear(x)
+
+        class ParentModule(torch.nn.Module):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+                self.existing_child = ChildModule()
+
+            def forward(self, x):
+                return self.existing_child(x)
+
+        module = ParentModule()
+        scripted_module = torch.jit.script(module)
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(scripted_module.existing_child)
+
+        # Now try to trigger the error by accessing a non-existent submodule
+        # through the internal ConcreteModuleType mechanism. This happens
+        # when the TorchScript compiler tries to resolve submodule references.
+        class BrokenModule(torch.nn.Module):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+                self.parent = ParentModule()
+
+            def forward(self, x):
+                return self.parent.missing_submodule(x)
+
+        broken_module = BrokenModule()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as context:
+            torch.jit.script(broken_module)
+
+        error_msg = str(context.exception)
+        self.assertIn("missing_submodule", error_msg.lower())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise_on_run_directly("test/test_jit.py")

torch/csrc/jit/frontend/concrete_module_type.cpp

@@ -204,7 +204,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<ConcreteModuleType> ConcreteModuleType::
       [&](const ConcreteModuleTypeBuilder::ModuleInfo& info) {
         return info.name_ == name;
       });
-  TORCH_INTERNAL_ASSERT(it != data_.modules_.end());
+  TORCH_INTERNAL_ASSERT(
+      it != data_.modules_.end(), "Cannot find submodule with name/key ", name);
   return it->meta_;
 }