crypto: fix cross-realm check of ArrayBuffer

This patch modifies the `isNonSharedArrayBuffer` function in the WebIDL
implementation for the SubtleCrypto API to properly handle `ArrayBuffer`
instances created in different JavaScript realms.

Before this fix, when a `TypedArray.buffer` from a different realm
(e.g., from a VM context or worker thread) was passed to
`SubtleCrypto.digest()`, it would fail with:

> TypeError: Failed to execute 'digest' on 'SubtleCrypto': 2nd argument
> is not instance of ArrayBuffer, Buffer, TypedArray, or DataView."

The fix use the `isArrayBuffer` function from `internal/util/types` to
detect cross-realm `ArrayBuffer` instances when the prototype chain
check fails.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/57828
Refs: https://github.com/storacha/w3up/issues/1591
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jordan Harband <ljharb@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Antoine du Hamel <duhamelantoine1995@gmail.com>

lib/internal/crypto/webidl.js

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 
 const {
   ArrayBufferIsView,
-  ArrayBufferPrototype,
   ArrayPrototypeIncludes,
   ArrayPrototypePush,
   ArrayPrototypeSort,
@@ -48,6 +47,7 @@ const {
   validateMaxBufferLength,
   kNamedCurveAliases,
 } = require('internal/crypto/util');
+const { isArrayBuffer } = require('internal/util/types');
 
 // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tonumber
 function toNumber(value, opts = kEmptyObject) {
@@ -193,9 +193,7 @@ converters.object = (V, opts) => {
   return V;
 };
 
-function isNonSharedArrayBuffer(V) {
-  return ObjectPrototypeIsPrototypeOf(ArrayBufferPrototype, V);
-}
+const isNonSharedArrayBuffer = isArrayBuffer;
 
 function isSharedArrayBuffer(V) {
   // SharedArrayBuffers can be disabled with --no-harmony-sharedarraybuffer.

test/parallel/test-crypto-subtle-cross-realm.js

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+'use strict';
+// Flags: --expose-internals
+const common = require('../common');
+if (!common.hasCrypto)
+  common.skip('missing crypto');
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const { subtle } = globalThis.crypto;
+const vm = require('vm');
+const { isArrayBuffer } = require('internal/util/types');
+
+// Test with same-realm ArrayBuffer
+{
+  const samerealmData = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]).buffer;
+
+  subtle.digest('SHA-256', samerealmData)
+    .then(common.mustCall((result) => {
+      assert(isArrayBuffer(result));
+      assert.strictEqual(result.byteLength, 32); // SHA-256 is 32 bytes
+    }));
+}
+
+// Test with cross-realm ArrayBuffer
+{
+  const context = vm.createContext({});
+  const crossrealmUint8Array = vm.runInContext('new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4])', context);
+  const crossrealmBuffer = crossrealmUint8Array.buffer;
+
+  // Verify it's truly cross-realm
+  assert.notStrictEqual(
+    Object.getPrototypeOf(crossrealmBuffer),
+    ArrayBuffer.prototype
+  );
+
+  // This should still work, since we're checking structural type
+  subtle.digest('SHA-256', crossrealmBuffer)
+    .then(common.mustCall((result) => {
+      assert(isArrayBuffer(result));
+      assert.strictEqual(result.byteLength, 32); // SHA-256 is 32 bytes
+    }));
+}
+
+// Test with both TypedArray buffer methods
+{
+  const context = vm.createContext({});
+  const crossrealmUint8Array = vm.runInContext('new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4])', context);
+
+  // Test the .buffer property
+  subtle.digest('SHA-256', crossrealmUint8Array.buffer)
+    .then(common.mustCall((result) => {
+      assert(isArrayBuffer(result));
+      assert.strictEqual(result.byteLength, 32);
+    }));
+
+  // Test passing the TypedArray directly (should work both before and after the fix)
+  subtle.digest('SHA-256', crossrealmUint8Array)
+    .then(common.mustCall((result) => {
+      assert(isArrayBuffer(result));
+      assert.strictEqual(result.byteLength, 32);
+    }));
+}
+
+// Test with AES-GCM encryption/decryption using cross-realm ArrayBuffer
+{
+  const context = vm.createContext({});
+  const crossRealmBuffer = vm.runInContext('new ArrayBuffer(16)', context);
+
+  // Fill the buffer with some data
+  const dataView = new Uint8Array(crossRealmBuffer);
+  for (let i = 0; i < dataView.length; i++) {
+    dataView[i] = i % 256;
+  }
+
+  // Generate a key
+  subtle.generateKey({
+    name: 'AES-GCM',
+    length: 256
+  }, true, ['encrypt', 'decrypt'])
+    .then(common.mustCall((key) => {
+      // Create an initialization vector
+      const iv = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
+
+      // Encrypt using the cross-realm ArrayBuffer
+      return subtle.encrypt(
+        { name: 'AES-GCM', iv },
+        key,
+        crossRealmBuffer
+      ).then((ciphertext) => {
+        // Decrypt
+        return subtle.decrypt(
+          { name: 'AES-GCM', iv },
+          key,
+          ciphertext
+        );
+      }).then(common.mustCall((plaintext) => {
+        // Verify the decrypted content matches original
+        const decryptedView = new Uint8Array(plaintext);
+        for (let i = 0; i < dataView.length; i++) {
+          assert.strictEqual(
+            decryptedView[i],
+            dataView[i],
+            `Byte at position ${i} doesn't match`
+          );
+        }
+      }));
+    }));
+}
+
+// Test with AES-GCM using TypedArray view of cross-realm ArrayBuffer
+{
+  const context = vm.createContext({});
+  const crossRealmBuffer = vm.runInContext('new ArrayBuffer(16)', context);
+
+  // Fill the buffer with some data
+  const dataView = new Uint8Array(crossRealmBuffer);
+  for (let i = 0; i < dataView.length; i++) {
+    dataView[i] = i % 256;
+  }
+
+  // Generate a key
+  subtle.generateKey({
+    name: 'AES-GCM',
+    length: 256
+  }, true, ['encrypt', 'decrypt'])
+    .then(common.mustCall((key) => {
+      // Create an initialization vector
+      const iv = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
+
+      // Encrypt using the TypedArray view of cross-realm ArrayBuffer
+      return subtle.encrypt(
+        { name: 'AES-GCM', iv },
+        key,
+        dataView
+      ).then((ciphertext) => {
+        // Decrypt
+        return subtle.decrypt(
+          { name: 'AES-GCM', iv },
+          key,
+          ciphertext
+        );
+      }).then(common.mustCall((plaintext) => {
+        // Verify the decrypted content matches original
+        const decryptedView = new Uint8Array(plaintext);
+        for (let i = 0; i < dataView.length; i++) {
+          assert.strictEqual(
+            decryptedView[i],
+            dataView[i],
+            `Byte at position ${i} doesn't match`
+          );
+        }
+      }));
+    }));
+}