express/lib/request.js

/*!
 * Express - request
 * Copyright(c) 2010 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
 * MIT Licensed
 */

/**
 * Module dependencies.
 */

var http = require('http')
  , req = http.IncomingMessage.prototype
  , utils = require('./utils')
  , mime = require('mime');

/**
 * Default flash formatters.
 *
 * @type Object
 */

var flashFormatters = exports.flashFormatters = {
  s: function(val){
    return String(val);
  }
};

/**
 * Return request header or optional default.
 *
 * The `Referrer` header field is special-cased,
 * both `Referrer` and `Referer` will yield are
 * interchangeable.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 *     req.header('Content-Type');
 *     // => "text/plain"
 *     
 *     req.header('content-type');
 *     // => "text/plain"
 *     
 *     req.header('Accept');
 *     // => undefined
 *     
 *     req.header('Accept', 'text/html');
 *     // => "text/html"
 *
 * @param {String} name
 * @param {String} defaultValue
 * @return {String} 
 * @api public
 */

req.header = function(name, defaultValue){
  switch (name = name.toLowerCase()) {
    case 'referer':
    case 'referrer':
      return this.headers.referrer
        || this.headers.referer
        || defaultValue;
    default:
      return this.headers[name] || defaultValue;
  }
};

/**
 * Check if the _Accept_ header is present, and includes the given `type`.
 *
 * When the _Accept_ header is not present `true` is returned. Otherwise
 * the given `type` is matched by an exact match, and then subtypes. You
 * may pass the subtype such as "html" which is then converted internally
 * to "text/html" using the mime lookup table.
 *
 * Examples:
 * 
 *     // Accept: text/html
 *     req.accepts('html');
 *     // => true
 *
 *     // Accept: text/*; application/json
 *     req.accepts('html');
 *     req.accepts('text/html');
 *     req.accepts('text/plain');
 *     req.accepts('application/json');
 *     // => true
 *
 *     req.accepts('image/png');
 *     req.accepts('png');
 *     // => false
 *
 * @param {String} type
 * @return {Boolean}
 * @api public
 */

req.accepts = function(type){
  var accept = this.header('Accept');

  // normalize extensions ".json" -> "json"
  if (type && '.' == type[0]) type = type.substr(1);

  // when Accept does not exist, or is '*/*' return true 
  if (!accept || '*/*' == accept) {
    return true;
  } else if (type) {
    // allow "html" vs "text/html" etc
    if (type.indexOf('/') < 0) {
      type = mime.lookup(type);
    }

    // check if we have a direct match
    if (~accept.indexOf(type)) return true;

    // check if we have type/*
    type = type.split('/')[0] + '/*';
    return accept.indexOf(type) >= 0;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
};

/**
 * Return the value of param `name` when present or `defaultValue`.
 *
 *  - Checks route placeholders, ex: _/user/:id_
 *  - Checks query string params, ex: ?id=12
 *  - Checks urlencoded body params, ex: id=12
 *
 * To utilize urlencoded request bodies, `req.body`
 * should be an object. This can be done by using
 * the `connect.bodyParser` middleware.
 *
 * @param {String} name
 * @param {Mixed} defaultValue
 * @return {String}
 * @api public
 */

req.param = function(name, defaultValue){
  // route params like /user/:id
  if (this.params && this.params.hasOwnProperty(name) && undefined !== this.params[name]) {
    return this.params[name]; 
  }
  // query string params
  if (undefined !== this.query[name]) {
    return this.query[name]; 
  }
  // request body params via connect.bodyParser
  if (this.body && undefined !== this.body[name]) {
    return this.body[name];
  }
  return defaultValue;
};

/**
 * Queue flash `msg` of the given `type`.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 *      req.flash('info', 'email sent');
 *      req.flash('error', 'email delivery failed');
 *      req.flash('info', 'email re-sent');
 *      // => 2
 *
 *      req.flash('info');
 *      // => ['email sent', 'email re-sent']
 *
 *      req.flash('info');
 *      // => []
 *
 *      req.flash();
 *      // => { error: ['email delivery failed'], info: [] }
 *
 * Formatting:
 *
 * Flash notifications also support arbitrary formatting support.
 * For example you may pass variable arguments to `req.flash()`
 * and use the %s specifier to be replaced by the associated argument:
 *
 *     req.flash('info', 'email has been sent to %s.', userName);
 *
 * To add custom formatters use the `exports.flashFormatters` object.
 *
 * @param {String} type
 * @param {String} msg
 * @return {Array|Object|Number}
 * @api public
 */

req.flash = function(type, msg){
  if (this.session === undefined) throw Error('req.flash() requires sessions');
  var msgs = this.session.flash = this.session.flash || {};
  if (type && msg) {
    var i = 2
      , args = arguments
      , formatters = this.app.flashFormatters || {};
    formatters.__proto__ = flashFormatters;
    msg = utils.miniMarkdown(utils.escape(msg));
    msg = msg.replace(/%([a-zA-Z])/g, function(_, format){
      var formatter = formatters[format];
      if (formatter) return formatter(args[i++]);
    });
    return (msgs[type] = msgs[type] || []).push(msg);
  } else if (type) {
    var arr = msgs[type];
    delete msgs[type];
    return arr || [];
  } else {
    this.session.flash = {};
    return msgs;
  }
};

/**
 * Check if the incoming request contains the "Content-Type" 
 * header field, and it contains the give mime `type`.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 *      // With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
 *      req.is('html');
 *      req.is('text/html');
 *      // => true
 *     
 *      // When Content-Type is application/json
 *      req.is('json');
 *      req.is('application/json');
 *      // => true
 *     
 *      req.is('html');
 *      // => false
 * 
 * Ad-hoc callbacks can also be registered with Express, to perform
 * assertions again the request, for example if we need an expressive
 * way to check if our incoming request is an image, we can register "an image"
 * callback:
 * 
 *       app.is('an image', function(req){
 *         return 0 == req.headers['content-type'].indexOf('image');
 *       });
 *       
 *  Now within our route callbacks, we can use to to assert content types
 *  such as "image/jpeg", "image/png", etc.
 * 
 *      app.post('/image/upload', function(req, res, next){
 *        if (req.is('an image')) {
 *          // do something
 *        } else {
 *          next();
 *        }
 *      });
 * 
 * @param {String} type
 * @return {Boolean}
 * @api public
 */

req.is = function(type){
  var fn = this.app.is(type);
  if (fn) return fn(this);
  var contentType = this.headers['content-type'];
  if (!contentType) return;
  if (!~type.indexOf('/')) type = mime.lookup(type);
  if (~type.indexOf('*')) {
    type = type.split('/')
    contentType = contentType.split('/');
    if ('*' == type[0] && type[1] == contentType[1]) return true;
    if ('*' == type[1] && type[0] == contentType[0]) return true;
  }
  return ~contentType.indexOf(type);
};

// Callback for isXMLHttpRequest / xhr

function isxhr() {
  return this.header('X-Requested-With', '').toLowerCase() === 'xmlhttprequest';
}

/**
 * Check if the request was an _XMLHttpRequest_.
 *
 * @return {Boolean}
 * @api public
 */

req.__defineGetter__('isXMLHttpRequest', isxhr);
req.__defineGetter__('xhr', isxhr);