fix(refactor): prefix built-in node module imports

Since v5 relies on node >= 18, this is now possible (since v16, v14.18.0
[^1][^2]).

It's functionally irrelevant:
1. It's not required for CJS nor ESM (with a few exceptions [^3])
2. It has no performance promises

However, there are upsides to this approach:
1. It brings clear boundaries to what's a built-in and what's an
external dependency
2. It reduces the risk of importing unwanted deps where a built-in is
expected
3. It's slightly more interoperable with other JS runtimes that provide
node compatibility[^4], albeit only during development. Once imported
from npm, built-ins are assumed.

[^1]:https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/modules.html#built-in-modules
[^2]:https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37246
[^3]:https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#built-in-modules-with-mandatory-node-prefix
[^4]:https://docs.deno.com/runtime/fundamentals/node/#using-node's-built-in-modules

History.md

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ unreleased
 * cleanup: remove unnecessary require for global Buffer
 * perf: use loop for acceptParams
 * Replace `methods` dependency with standard library
+* refactor: prefix built-in node module imports
 
 5.0.1 / 2024-10-08
 ==========

examples/auth/index.js

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 var express = require('../..');
 var hash = require('pbkdf2-password')()
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var session = require('express-session');
 
 var app = module.exports = express();

examples/downloads/index.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../../');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 
 var app = module.exports = express();
 

examples/ejs/index.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../../');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 
 var app = module.exports = express();
 

examples/error-pages/index.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../../');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var app = module.exports = express();
 var logger = require('morgan');
 var silent = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test'

examples/markdown/index.js

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 var escapeHtml = require('escape-html');
 var express = require('../..');
-var fs = require('fs');
+var fs = require('node:fs');
 var marked = require('marked');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 
 var app = module.exports = express();
 

examples/mvc/index.js

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 var express = require('../..');
 var logger = require('morgan');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var session = require('express-session');
 var methodOverride = require('method-override');
 

examples/mvc/lib/boot.js

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../../..');
-var fs = require('fs');
-var path = require('path');
+var fs = require('node:fs');
+var path = require('node:path');
 
 module.exports = function(parent, options){
   var dir = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'controllers');

examples/route-separation/index.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../..');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var app = express();
 var logger = require('morgan');
 var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');

examples/search/index.js

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../..');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var redis = require('redis');
 
 var db = redis.createClient();

examples/static-files/index.js

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 var express = require('../..');
 var logger = require('morgan');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var app = express();
 
 // log requests

examples/view-constructor/github-view.js

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
  * Module dependencies.
  */
 
-var https = require('https');
-var path = require('path');
+var https = require('node:https');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var extname = path.extname;
 
 /**

examples/view-locals/index.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 var express = require('../..');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var User = require('./user');
 var app = express();
 

lib/application.js

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 var finalhandler = require('finalhandler');
 var debug = require('debug')('express:application');
 var View = require('./view');
-var http = require('http');
+var http = require('node:http');
 var methods = require('./utils').methods;
 var compileETag = require('./utils').compileETag;
 var compileQueryParser = require('./utils').compileQueryParser;
 var compileTrust = require('./utils').compileTrust;
-var resolve = require('path').resolve;
+var resolve = require('node:path').resolve;
 var once = require('once')
 var Router = require('router');
 
@@ -583,8 +583,8 @@ app.render = function render(name, options, callback) {
  * and HTTPS server you may do so with the "http"
  * and "https" modules as shown here:
  *
- *    var http = require('http')
- *      , https = require('https')
+ *    var http = require('node:http')
+ *      , https = require('node:https')
  *      , express = require('express')
  *      , app = express();
  *

lib/express.js

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  */
 
 var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
-var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
+var EventEmitter = require('node:events').EventEmitter;
 var mixin = require('merge-descriptors');
 var proto = require('./application');
 var Router = require('router');

lib/request.js

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  */
 
 var accepts = require('accepts');
-var isIP = require('net').isIP;
+var isIP = require('node:net').isIP;
 var typeis = require('type-is');
-var http = require('http');
+var http = require('node:http');
 var fresh = require('fresh');
 var parseRange = require('range-parser');
 var parse = require('parseurl');

lib/response.js

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ var contentDisposition = require('content-disposition');
 var createError = require('http-errors')
 var encodeUrl = require('encodeurl');
 var escapeHtml = require('escape-html');
-var http = require('http');
+var http = require('node:http');
 var onFinished = require('on-finished');
 var mime = require('mime-types')
-var path = require('path');
-var pathIsAbsolute = require('path').isAbsolute;
+var path = require('node:path');
+var pathIsAbsolute = require('node:path').isAbsolute;
 var statuses = require('statuses')
 var sign = require('cookie-signature').sign;
 var normalizeType = require('./utils').normalizeType;

lib/view.js

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
  */
 
 var debug = require('debug')('express:view');
-var path = require('path');
-var fs = require('fs');
+var path = require('node:path');
+var fs = require('node:fs');
 
 /**
  * Module variables.

test/Route.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
 var after = require('after');
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('../')
   , Route = express.Route
   , methods = require('../lib/utils').methods

test/Router.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ var after = require('after');
 var express = require('../')
   , Router = express.Router
   , methods = require('../lib/utils').methods
-  , assert = require('assert');
+  , assert = require('node:assert');
 
 describe('Router', function () {
   it('should return a function with router methods', function () {

test/app.engine.js

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('../')
-  , fs = require('fs');
-var path = require('path')
+  , fs = require('node:fs');
+var path = require('node:path')
 
 function render(path, options, fn) {
   fs.readFile(path, 'utf8', function(err, str){

test/app.head.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 var express = require('../');
 var request = require('supertest');
-var assert = require('assert');
+var assert = require('node:assert');
 
 describe('HEAD', function(){
   it('should default to GET', function(done){

test/app.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('..')
 var request = require('supertest')
 

test/app.listen.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
 var express = require('../')
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 
 describe('app.listen()', function(){
   it('should wrap with an HTTP server', function(done){

test/app.locals.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('../')
 
 describe('app', function(){

test/app.render.js

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('..');
-var path = require('path')
+var path = require('node:path')
 var tmpl = require('./support/tmpl');
 
 describe('app', function(){

test/app.request.js

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ describe('app', function(){
       var app = express();
 
       app.request.querystring = function(){
-        return require('url').parse(this.url).query;
+        return require('node:url').parse(this.url).query;
       };
 
       app.use(function(req, res){

test/app.router.js

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 var after = require('after');
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest')
-  , assert = require('assert')
+  , assert = require('node:assert')
   , methods = require('../lib/utils').methods;
 
 var shouldSkipQuery = require('./support/utils').shouldSkipQuery

test/app.routes.error.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest');
 

test/app.use.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
 var after = require('after');
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('..');
 var request = require('supertest');
 

test/config.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert');
+var assert = require('node:assert');
 var express = require('..');
 
 describe('config', function () {

test/exports.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('../');
 var request = require('supertest');
 

test/express.json.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
-var AsyncLocalStorage = require('async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
+var assert = require('node:assert')
+var AsyncLocalStorage = require('node:async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
 
 var express = require('..')
 var request = require('supertest')

test/express.raw.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
-var AsyncLocalStorage = require('async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
+var assert = require('node:assert')
+var AsyncLocalStorage = require('node:async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
 
 var express = require('..')
 var request = require('supertest')

test/express.static.js

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('..')
-var path = require('path')
+var path = require('node:path')
 var request = require('supertest')
 var utils = require('./support/utils')
 

test/express.text.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
-var AsyncLocalStorage = require('async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
+var assert = require('node:assert')
+var AsyncLocalStorage = require('node:async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
 
 var express = require('..')
 var request = require('supertest')

test/express.urlencoded.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
-var AsyncLocalStorage = require('async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
+var assert = require('node:assert')
+var AsyncLocalStorage = require('node:async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
 
 var express = require('..')
 var request = require('supertest')

test/middleware.basic.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('../');
 var request = require('supertest');
 

test/req.get.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest')
-  , assert = require('assert');
+  , assert = require('node:assert');
 
 describe('req', function(){
   describe('.get(field)', function(){

test/req.query.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest');
 

test/res.append.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('..')
 var request = require('supertest')
 

test/res.download.js

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 'use strict'
 
 var after = require('after');
-var assert = require('assert')
-var AsyncLocalStorage = require('async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
+var assert = require('node:assert')
+var AsyncLocalStorage = require('node:async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
 
 var express = require('..');
-var path = require('path')
+var path = require('node:path')
 var request = require('supertest');
 var utils = require('./support/utils')
 

test/res.format.js

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 var after = require('after')
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest')
-  , assert = require('assert');
+  , assert = require('node:assert');
 
 var app1 = express();
 

test/res.json.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest')
-  , assert = require('assert');
+  , assert = require('node:assert');
 
 describe('res', function(){
   describe('.json(object)', function(){

test/res.jsonp.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest')
-  , assert = require('assert');
+  , assert = require('node:assert');
 var utils = require('./support/utils');
 
 describe('res', function(){

test/res.location.js

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest')
-  , assert = require('assert')
-  , url = require('url');
+  , assert = require('node:assert')
+  , url = require('node:url');
 
 describe('res', function(){
   describe('.location(url)', function(){

test/res.render.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict'
 
 var express = require('..');
-var path = require('path')
+var path = require('node:path')
 var request = require('supertest');
 var tmpl = require('./support/tmpl');
 

test/res.send.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert')
+var assert = require('node:assert')
 var express = require('..');
 var methods = require('../lib/utils').methods;
 var request = require('supertest');

test/res.sendFile.js

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 'use strict'
 
 var after = require('after');
-var assert = require('assert')
-var AsyncLocalStorage = require('async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
+var assert = require('node:assert')
+var AsyncLocalStorage = require('node:async_hooks').AsyncLocalStorage
 
 var express = require('../')
   , request = require('supertest')
 var onFinished = require('on-finished');
-var path = require('path');
+var path = require('node:path');
 var fixtures = path.join(__dirname, 'fixtures');
 var utils = require('./support/utils');
 

test/support/tmpl.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-var fs = require('fs');
+var fs = require('node:fs');
 
 var variableRegExp = /\$([0-9a-zA-Z\.]+)/g;
 

test/support/utils.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * @private
  */
 
-var assert = require('assert');
+var assert = require('node:assert');
 
 /**
  * Module exports.

test/utils.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict'
 
-var assert = require('assert');
+var assert = require('node:assert');
 var utils = require('../lib/utils');
 
 describe('utils.etag(body, encoding)', function(){